The Economics of Early Response and Disaster Resilience - Lessons from Kenya and Ethiopia - الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية في السودان

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The Economics of Early Response and Disaster Resilience - Lessons from Kenya and Ethiopia

1. Introduction

The impacts of natural disasters and complex emergencies have been increasing over recent decades, putting the humanitarian system under considerable pressure. The types, dimensions, and dynamics of humanitarian crises are further increasing, in some cases exponentially. A variety of factors are contributing to this increase, including climate change, increasing vulnerability due to erosion of natural, social and economic capacities, and fluctuations in the global economy.

The costs of humanitarian crises are equally growing - not only do disasters and complex emergencies result in significant economic losses, but they also require mobilization of large amounts of humanitarian aid from the international community.

There is growing consensus that greater investment needs to be made in preparedness to reduce the impacts of crises, and an even greater imperative for further work to build the resilience of communities to be able to cope with these events themselves. The scales need to tip, with greater emphasis placed on building capacities and reducing vulnerabilities to allow countries and communities to reduce risk and recover themselves, and thereby reduce the high levels of aid dependency that are becoming systemic in some parts of the world.

It is widely held that, broadly speaking, investment in building the resilience of communities to cope with risk in disaster prone regions is more cost-effective than the ever-mounting humanitarian response. Yet little solid evidence exists to support this claim. And while the past decade has seen significant attempts to reform the humanitarian system - particularly initiatives to expedite funding for emergency operations - efforts to increase the focus of humanitarian funding and response to risk reduction, remains a challenge.

2. Aims of the Study

The purpose of this work is to providing the first step towards:

A solid evidence base on the cost effectiveness of building resilience to disasters as compared with the cost of relief and early response.
Identify the types of interventions that can provide the highest "Value for Money" (VfM); and
Incentivise donors, partner governments, multilaterals and implementing agencies to invest in and work more on resilience to disasters.

3. Scope

The Horn of Africa, specifically Kenya and Ethiopia, were selected as a focus for this study, with the aim that the methodology can be replicated elsewhere. The Horn repeatedly suffers from disasters - complex emergencies (e.g. natural hazard and conflict combined, such as Somalia and South Sudan), droughts and floods are prevalent. And yet relief and humanitarian aid remain the predominant response to these crises. Kenya and Ethiopia were selected not only for their vulnerability to disasters, but also for practical reasons (e.g. security issues).

Within these two countries, the study specifically focuses on response and resilience for pastoralists in the face of drought. Pastoralism is one of the predominant livelihood systems in the region, is highly dependent on livestock by definition and involves the mobility of herds to access grazing and water. Pastoralism is a specialized livelihood system that has persisted for centuries - one could argue that it has been one of the most resilient livelihood systems because of the ability of pastoralists to adapt to changing conditions. However, significant shifts in natural, socio-economic and institutional conditions have resulted in high levels of vulnerability, and as a result pastoralists are heavily impacted by drought.

4. Outline

This report is structured as follows:

Section 1 provides aims of the study, scope of the study and outline of this report.
Section 2 provides a brief overview of the local context in each country - with specific reference to the history and impacts of drought, how this affects pastoralists, as well as types of measures that are being used to build resilience.
Section 3 describes the analytical framework and methodology used to undertake the analysis, in particular defining key concepts for the analysis.
Section 4 describes the findings from the Kenya analysis.
Section 5 describes the findings from the Ethiopia analysis.
Section 6 provides some initial evidence on the value for money of resilience interventions.
Section 7 draws key conclusions and recommendations.

This report is supported by three studies:

The Kenya study, which focuses on data specific to Kenya;
The Ethiopia study, which focuses on data specific to Ethiopia;
The Household Economy Analysis (HEA) study, which presents the detailed results of modelling under the HEA.

This report is further supported by the following annexes:

Annex A: Consultations
Annex B: "Who What Where" of Resilience Activities
Annex C: Detailed Calculations
Annex D: Evidence on Value for Money of Resilience Interventions

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المصدر: http://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/economics-early-response-and-disaster-resilience-lessons-kenya-and-ethiopia

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The Economics of Early Response and Disaster Resilience - Lessons from Kenya and Ethiopia.pdf

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نشرت فى 1 فبراير 2013 بواسطة foodsecurity

disasters, humanitarian, vulnerability, resilience, food security, Poverty

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الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية في السودان

بوابة سودانية لتقاسم المعرفة وتبادل الخبرات في مجال الزراعة الأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية، تحت إشراف الادارة العامة للتخطيط والاقتصاد الزراعي بوزارة الزراعة والغابات، وتهدف إلي توثيق ودمج التعلم والمعرفة مع ممارسات التنمية وتعزيز وبناءالقدرات وتوسيع نطاق الإبتكارات. »

الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية في السودان

الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية ومناهضة الفقروسبل كسب المعيشة

The Economics of Early Response and Disaster Resilience - Lessons from Kenya and Ethiopia

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الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية في السودان

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الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية في السودان

الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية ومناهضة الفقروسبل كسب المعيشة

The Economics of Early Response and Disaster Resilience - Lessons from Kenya and Ethiopia

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الزراعة والأمن الغذائي والتنمية الريفية في السودان

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